James Oglethorpe and the Georgia Colony

James Oglethorpe was one of the founders of the Georgia Colony. Born on December 22, 1696, he became well known as a soldier, politician, and social reformer.   Driven to the Soldier's Life Oglethorpe started his military career as a teenager when he joined in the fight against the Turks with the Holy Roman Empire. In 1717, he was aide-de-camp to Prince Eugene of Savoy and fought in the successful siege of Belgrade.   Years afterward when he helped found and colonize Georgia, he would serve as the general of its forces. In 1739, he was involved in the War of Jenkins Ear. He unsuccessfully attempted to take St. Augustine from the Spanish twice, though he was able to defeat a large counterattack by the Spanish. Back in England, Oglethorpe fought in the Jacobite rebellion in 1745 for which he was almost court-martialed due to his units lack of success. He tried to fight in the Seven Years War but was denied a commission by the British. Not to be left out, he took on a different name and fought with the Prussians in the war.   Long Political Career In 1722, Oglethorpe left his first military commission to join Parliament. He would serve in the House of Commons for the next 30 years. He was a fascinating social reformer, helping impressed sailors and investigating the terrible condition of debtors prisons. This last cause was especially important to him as a good friend died in such a prison.   He became a staunch opponent of slavery early in his career, a stance he would hold the rest of his life. Even though he was an elected member of parliament, he chose to accompany the first settlers to Georgia in 1732. While he traveled back some to England, he did not permanently return to England until 1743. It was only after the attempted court martial mentioned earlier that he lost his seat in Parliament in 1754.   Founding the Georgia Colony The idea for the founding of Georgia was to create a haven for Englands poor along with creating a buffer between the French and Spanish and the other English colonies. Thus in 1732, Georgia was founded. Oglethorpe was not only a member of its Board of Trustees but was also among its first settlers. He personally chose and founded Savannah as the first town. He took an unofficial role of the colonys governor and directed most decisions about the new colonys local administration and defense. The new settlers took to calling Oglethorpe Father. However, eventually, the colonists grew upset against his stern rule but also his stance against slavery which they felt put them at an economic disadvantage compared to the rest of the colonies. In addition, the costs associated with the new colony were questioned by the other trustees back in England.   By 1738, Oglethorpes duties were curtailed, and he was left with being the general of the combined Georgia and South Carolina forces. As previously discovered, he was deeply involved in the War of Jenkins Ear leading campaigns against the Spanish. When he failed to take St. Augustine, he went back to England never to return to the New World.   Elder Statesman and Champion of the Colonies Oglethorpe never wavered in his support for the rights of American colonists. He befriended many in England who also espoused their cause such as Samuel Johnson and Edmund Burke.  After the American Revolution when John Adams was sent to England as an ambassador, Oglethorpe met with him despite his advanced years. He died soon after this meeting at the age of 88.

Perception of Death Essay - 1340 Words

Perception of Death and The Treatment of Death in â€Å"Everyman† Liberty University Everyman Thesis: â€Å"Everyman† is a play that gives a message that death is inevitable. It shows that there is nothing a person can do to avoid it regardless of their worldly riches. I. Introduction A. Title of Poem – â€Å"Everyman† B. Author - Unknown C. Summary of Plot II. Analysis of the Play A. Characters B. Setting C. Theme III. The Author’s View of Death A. The author describes death by using allegory to camouflage the idea of death. B. The certainty of death C. Every man’s soul needs to be saved before death. IV. Biblical View of Death A. Romans 8:28 (New†¦show more content†¦Another friend of Everyman is Good Deeds who wanted to go with him to the afterlife and Knowledge told Everyman what he needed to do have salvation. Confession represented repentance and he was one who Everyman confessed his sins. Finally, the Angel welcomed Everyman to Heaven and the Doctor gave him the notice about death (Cummings, 2010). The setting of the play takes place in Heaven and on earth. In the play â€Å"Everyman,† (as cited in Literature and Spirituality, 2011, pp. 265-267), â€Å"God sends Death to summon Eve ryman to give account of their lives on earth.† At the end of the play, it takes place back in Heaven. Several themes appear in the play. First, live a godly life today as if it were the last day of your life. This should include offering love and help to others. In the play â€Å"Everyman,† (as cited in Literature and Spirituality, 2011, pp. 265-267), â€Å"Man, in the beginning, / Look well, and take good heed to the ending.† Everyman repented his sins before it was too late. He made known his sins absolving him of the guilt and therefore earning him the joy of repentance. Second, a younger person views sin as something sweet smelling, like the smell of perfume, only to realize that sin is an immoral act against God’s law and there are consequences. In the play â€Å"Everyman,† (as cited in Literature and Spirituality, 2011, pp. 265-267), â€Å"Ye think sin in the beginning full sweet, / Which in the end causeth thy soul to weep, / WhenS how MoreRelatedPerception And Treatment Of Death Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pages PERCEPTION AND TREATMENT OF DEATH IN ‘EVERYMAN. Name: Institution: Course: Date: Thesis: Death has a unique perception in every society. Most societies perceive death as the taker of life in humans and hence it’s treated with fear since it’s understood to be cruel as well as unforgiving. I personally view death in the same way since it takes all including our loved ones and nothing can stop it from the fact that it’s inevitable. It brings grieve, pain, sorrow etc. as well as castingRead MorePerception And Treatment Of Death1866 Words   |  8 PagesPerception and Treatment of Death in the Play â€Å"Everyman† Outline 1. Introduction 2. Summary o Treatment of death o God’s messenger o Binding Death o The only way of Salvation and Redemption o Results of Repentance o Faced with the End of Life o Death is a reality we all have to face 3. Conclusion Treatment and perception of Death Introduction We come face to face with the fact of death after reading this play. How will you respond? Some may be fearful or try to extend their lives just a few moreRead MorePerception Of Death By William Shakespeare1613 Words   |  7 PagesPerception of Death During the medieval period, a myriad of plays and literary works were produced concerning the theme of death. Each literary composition written during the medieval period had an intention to impact the audience. The following essay is a literary analysis of a morality play written by an unknown author in the 15th century, known as, Everyman. Likewise, the author uses allegory to reach its audience. Everyman is an ideology, which the author uses to examine a person’s spiritualRead MorePerception Of Aging And Eventual Death1049 Words   |  5 Pagesour perception of aging and eventual death is a subtopic that has been addressed for many millennia past. Following, we endeavored to dig deeper into the perception of death and how that perception changes with age. To do this, we designed an observational study performed with a survey which was intended to capture a complete and detailed sample so that we may draw a useful and reliable conclusion from the collected data. These conc lusions will hopefully contribute to the subject of perception ofRead MoreEveryman Perception of Death Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesPerception of Death and Treatment of death in Everyman Thesis Statement Death is perceived in differently in various cultures and tends to impact an individual personally as compared to a group. Outline Introduction and Thesis Statement Discussion 1: Perception of Death in various cultures Discussion 2: How People Treat Death today as an individual Conclusion Author’s Perception â€Å"Everyman† is a metaphorical story that illustrates the value of life and death. The famous medievalRead MorePoetic Perceptions of Death Essay3253 Words   |  14 Pagesideas on death. Death is a common theme in any eras but it took a particular significance in the 19th century , especially in literature. As intense poets, both Dickinson and Tennyson shared their innermost views regarding death, particularly seen in Tennyson’s â€Å"Mariana†, â€Å"Crossing the Bar† and Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† and â€Å"Behind me—dips Eternity.† In â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† and â€Å"Behind me—dips Eternity†, Dickinson challenges our perception of death. The depictionRead MoreAn Analysis of the Perception and Treatment of Death in Everyman1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe author of the play Everyman views death from the Catholic point of view. The moral message to live each day with the goal of eternal life in Heaven in mind sets the tone of the play. Everyman illustrates that every man’s soul needs to be saved before death or he will not have eternal life with God. The author views death as the foundation of man’s spiritual journey with God in Heaven or as the initiation of the soul’s damnation. The author portrays death as God’s messenger. The play underscoresRead MorePerception of Death in the Play â€Å"Everyman Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play â€Å"everyman† death is depicted as something that is terribly feared as no one seemed ready for it, death is perceived as something that takes one away from the pleasures of this world. Everyman is a classic play written in the 15th century whose subject is the struggle of the soul. This is a morality play and a good example of transition play linking liturgical drama and the secular drama that came at the end of English medieval period. In the play, death is perceived as tragic and isRead MoreA Childs Perception of Death and Grief Essay2500 Words   |  10 Pages Death and dying is a natural and unavoidable process that all living creatures will experience at some point in life, whether it is one’s own person death or the death of a close friend or family member. Along with the experience of death comes the process of grieving which is the dealing and coping with the loss of the loved one. Any living thing can grieve and relate to a loss, even children (Shortle, Young, Williams, 1993). â€Å"Childhood grief and mourning of family and friends may have immediateRead MoreEveryman and Death: Understanding the Perception and Treatment1864 Words   |  8 Page sEveryman and Death: Understanding the Perception and Treatment Jonathan Thomas Liberty University Thesis Statement: In this paper, this writer will evaluate the perception and the treatment of death in Everyman. Outline I. Introduction II. Purpose of Morality Plays III. Main Body: Discussion of Plays Characters a. God b. Death c. Everyman d. Fellowship e. Kindred amp; Cousin f. Goods g. Good Deeds h

Retail Is Changing As Commerce Businesses â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Retail Is Changing As Commerce Businesses? Answer: Introducation For years, businesses have always tried to keep an appealing online presence, but now the contrary is happening. Amazon, the giant online book retailer, raised eyebrows when it opened the first physical outlet in Seattle, US last year in November (Walsh 2016, p.35). Similarly, the looming news that Amazon has as well acquired an Australian whole foods super marketing for close to $ 18 billion has prompted experts to rethink about the whole issue of electronic commerce (Koehn 2017, p.46). Before this paper goes further to explain too much on why Australians should expect more physical establishments of their favorite online retailers, it would be vital first to note that e-commerce distributors who have been majorly operating online (which also happens that they were purely specialized in a kind of merchandise). These stores are likely to venture into broader kind of wares when they set up brick and mortar establishments. As much as the trend of e-traders seeking physical space does not imply that they down their tools on the online platform, it denotes that they might be as well multitasking the two market spaces conveniently. Gary Mortimer, a retail expert, and don at the Queensland University of Technology, however, is undisturbed by this move by claiming that it has little or no impact on the existing chain stores that have since then operated in physical establishments (Smart Company, 2015). By taking a keener look at Kogan, the reputable and homegrown television seller venturing into foodstuff retailing and thus extending its services from purely online to physical outlets (which $300 million according to smart Company), we can tell that the online space might not be as lucrative as a physical presence. Along the same line of thought, other online retail giants like Harvey Norman, JB HiFi, and Super Retail Group have expressed their interests in playing both online and physical marketspace (Taylor 2017, p.31). While it was earlier perceived that e-commerce was an ideal mode of operation due to low running costs and convenience in supply, Brian Walker, a consultancy from Retail Doctor Group, in an attempt to justify the reverse trend, describes the Australian e-commerce as a weakened consumer (Taylor, 2015). He adds that this might be due to several reasons, including what he highlights as a tradition of people shopping in departmental stores and supermarkets. As well, impulsive buying in chain stores in unavoidable. However, he maintains that as much as the trend is likely to keep happening, e-commerce remains profitable in Australian markets and that the move by some of the biggest retailers is unlikely to change the status quo. However, embracing both the psychology stores and onl ine retailing will come with a lot benefits for the companies in the retail industry. This is because, the online platform will be able to serve customers over the long distances whereas the physical stores will serve the nearby customers (Koehn 2017, p.46). The appreciation of the two platforms will give the company a chance to serve a wider market than relying on a single platform. References Koehn, E. June 2017. Amazon could buy up an Australian accounting chain following Whole Foods deal, says expert. Smart Company, Vol. 21. No. 7. Pp.45-49. Available from: Smart Company Online [21st September 2017]. Smart Company. March 2015. Australias top 20 online retailers: 2015. Available from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/marketing/online-sales/australia-s-top-20-online-retailers-for-2015/ [21 September 2017]. Taylor, D. 2017. Retail therapy is changing, as e-commerce businesses like Amazon threaten the future of department stores. ABC News, vol. 32, No.12. pp. 28-33. Available from: ABC News Online. [21 September 2017]. Walsh, M. January 2016. The future of e-commerce: bricks and mortar. The Guardian, vol. 27, no. 13. Pp. management. Print. online space might not be as lucrative as a physical presence.

The Princess Bride

The Princess Bride -x Essay Journal of William Goldmans The Princess BrideThe princess bride is an incredibly entertaining book. Although it was written mostly as a parody it contains many themes. The developments seen in the dynamic characters are astounding ones. The theme, or motif, which Im going to follow through the story is that of Fezzik and his quest for self confidence and a good self image. From the time that the novel starts to the end, Fezzik achieves a good self image. He starts out with a very low self image and, by the end, he finds in himself talents that give him a better image of himself. We will write a custom essay on The Princess Bride -x specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To begin with, Vizzini never allows Fezzik to provide an sort of input or to think in any way. When Fezzik, inigo and Vizzini first kidnap buttercup, Fezzik attempts to offer some good ideas, but Vizzini will have none of it. I think we should kill her now;, the Turk said. The less you think, the happier Ill be,; The Scilian answered;. (Page 83)And later on the same page:#8230;the Turk mumbled. people are always thinking that Im so stupid because Im big and strong and sometimes drool a little when I get excited.;;The reason people think youre so stupid,; the Scilian said, is because you are so stupid. It has nothing to do with your drooling.;; Vizzini manages, with his constant verbal attacks on Fezzik to destroy any shred of confidence that Fezzik may have had before. Vizzinis ego is getting in the way of Fezzik. From a very young age Fezzik was taunted by his school mates. At first, naturally, they were scared to death (even then Fezzik looked fierce) but once they found out he was chicken, well, they werent about to let an opportunity like that get away;#8230;it would go on like that until Fezzik would burst into tears and run away.; People never gave Fezzik any sort of chance. He has always been considered a fool out loud. Luckily he had his rhymes to comfort him. When Vizzini dies, although it leaves Fezzik in a lot of despair, it is probably the best thing for him. The stopping of Vizzinis verbal attacks allow to build his confidence. I think that the first big confidence building experience for Fezzik is when Inigo begs him for help. From page 224:#8230;Fly, Fezzik; this is Inigo begging you make a path#8212;please!; Well, Fezzik had rarely had anyone beg him for anything, least of all Inigo,;Fezzik begins to feel needed and this is a big step for him. On page 233, ;#8230;so he smiled and clapped Fezzik on his great shoulder for the good fellow he was.; Fezzik is now realizing the progression that Fezzik has made and now is able to appreciate him more for it. The biggest boost for Fezzik comes later in the same chapter when Inigo and Fezzik get attacked by the giant snake. Page 235:Fight it Fezzik;#8212;Its too strong for me#8212;Nothing is too strong for me#8212;Inigos confidence in Fezziks unlimited strength is partly what gives the giant the confidence to defeat the snake, and save their lives. The final chapter of Fezziks confidence is when inigo comes to the window of the castle leading the four whites. Inigo responds positively. Fezzik, you thought for yourself,; he said; (page 280)With this simple compliment inigo had instilled in his friend a confidence that Vizzini had taken away from him. How great for Fezzik to have friends like that. At last he believed in himself. Fezzik started with a very low self image, but he slowly learned that people needed him and that he was wanted. His building confidence gave him the ability to believe in himself and to think for himself.

Unit 1 Dbq Essay Example

Unit 1 Dbq Essay Example Unit 1 Dbq Essay Unit 1 Dbq Essay They sailed over from England, all seeking glorified opportunities. These English colonists sought out an opportunity when boarding ships and leaving the Old World to travel to the exciting unknown; but each person had their own unique desire. These unique desires led to the many diverse societies that spread all throughout the eastern sea board of the New World by the 1700’s. Religious tolerance, organization in government, and economic stability were all contributing factors to the differences New England and Chesapeake Bay regions had. In Documents B and C, there are two lists of emigrants. Document B’s list is of emigrants traveling to New England and Document C’s list is of emigrants traveling to Virginia. These lists give names, ages, gender, some of their occupations, and the dates the emigrants arrived to their destination. These lists indicate that two distinct societies formed through the differences these people had when embarking to the New World. The list withheld in Document B shows that equally men and women traveled to the New England area than in Document C’s list; also more families, and one minister. In Document C there was a plethora of men compared to women. These people who traveled to Virginia all agreed to live by the Church of England and took oaths to keep its supremacy, this shows that based on the people traveling to Virginia were more religious than the colonists traveling to New England, they respected the Church of England and planned to turn Virginia into a small colony to practice religion, as if they were in England. The differences in the New England area versus the Chesapeake area was religious tolerance and the lists in these documents show how fundamental Virginia colonists were compared to New England colonists. Documents G and H both talk about reasons for diversity in the Chesapeake Bay area. Document G was by Governor Berkeley who fought to defend Virginia against Dutch attacks. This document shows how Governor Berkeley’s council tried to defend their freedom and keep practicing methods their way. Similarly, in Document H, Bacon writes a passage against Governor Berkeley in 1676 to justify his actions for pursuing his rebellion. Bacon says how arts and sciences and other ways of life are sucked up by the public. This shows that the Chesapeake region had conflict, involving religion and ways people should carry out daily activities. Bacon and Governor Berkeley were both prominent people in shaping the Chesapeake area into the religious, politically unorganized, middle colony it evolved to be. With this, it brought its society into a different importance than did New England. Documents D and E both exemplify factors of the New England society. Document D is an agreement in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1636 that talks about how they would like society to be run, and how the people are. That everyone should have a share of the meadow or planting ground. † This quote shows that this agreement helped make New England an equal and free society. The people wanted everyone to live amongst one another in harmony and have convenient living standards. Document E explains how New England wanted to regulate pay. It seems just and well thought out. This impacted the New England colony to achieving a n organized government and a stable political system unlike the Chesapeake Bay area. In Document A, John Winthrop writes a passage about Christianity and charity. He was a fundamental Puritan in the New England area who preached Christianity and how God wanted people to act. His passage contributes to how New England civilization was. The society was endowed in all sects of Christianity and Winthrop’s passage in Document A gives evidence that he wanted the colony to remain Christian and hold the same values as he did. In conclusion, New England and Chesapeake Bay were both settled by a large population of English colonists. However, they differed from each other in many different ways. New England was more lenient about religion, wanted equality, and seemed to have a plan to begin governmental organization right from the get go. On the other hand the Chesapeake was a more fundamental Christianity, had an unstable political plan and had various issues in settling the territory. They both were unique and heterogeneous when it came to the running of society and how people functioned but that’s why so many English settlers came to the New World; to found their beliefs in a place where they would be accepted and free.

Living World essays

Living World essays How often is the soul of man, especially that of the child, deprived because one does not put him in contact with nature. There is no description, no image in any book that is capable of replacing the sight of real trees, and all the life to be found around them, in a real forest. Something emanates from those trees which speaks to the soul, something no book, no museum is capable of giving. The wood reveals that it is not only the trees that exist, but a whole, interrelated collection of lives. And this earth, this climate, this cosmic power is necessary for the development of all these lives. The myriad lives around the trees, the majesty, the variety are things one must hunt for, and which no one can bring into the school. -Dr. Maria Montessori, MD This just reminded me about my life growing up in a farm far away from the city. I lived there with my grandmother until I had to move with my father to a small town so I could go to school. I really did know that television existed until I was about seven years old, but I certainly knew that I had to wait about 21 days to see little chicks hatching out of their shells. I could see that it took longer for a cow to have a baby, that it was usually no more than one baby and that it was born in a different way. It was amazing and very exciting for me. I could see how important was to take care of the animals as well as the plants. I knew that if wanted to see another mango or an avocado tree I had to first plant a seed. I could see how nature was part of me. It was an amazing experience in my life that not book has given to me. I think that as teachers, even though living in big cities, we still can help our children to have those experiences that come from nature so that they can de velop that relationship with it. Biology is about the world of living things. The first question is, why we teach biology? By studying biology we can satisfy much of the curiosity our ...

E-Project - Business Analysis on Wawa Inc Research Paper - 1

E-Project - Business Analysis on Wawa Inc - Research Paper Example Although company has deep roots in history and it has a history of more than 200 years full of struggle and progression, however, the first convenience store was opened in 1964 (http://biz.yahoo.com). George Wood set up the first dairy store in Wawa, Pennsylvania in 1902. The Wood family still has a share in 52% of the company. The Convenience stores and Gas station industry has a worldwide competitive environment especially there is strong competition in United States. Wawa Inc is presently the leading company of the industry in U.S., however the company is facing serious challenges from several market rivalries like Royal Farms, Subway, Dunkin Donuts, 7-Elevn Inc, Sheetz, and Green Valley Acquisition etc. Royal Farms has shown a great progress in terms of providing fuel in a very clean environment and this category it is surpassing Wawa Inc as it is exceeding all Federal EPA necessities for cleanliness. Further, Royal Farms has controlled the market of Mid-Atlantic region by providing high class beverages. Wawa Inc has experienced the Subway as a very strong competitor in food industry. More than $16.2 billion strategic assets and 35625 restaurants in about 98 countries across the world are the real strength of Subway which has reduced the market capitalization of Wawa in some states (http://www.subway.c om). As compared to Wawa Inc, Dunkin Donuts has a global sphere of operations. It has about 9800 stores in more than 30 countries. It has dominated the consumer market from Wawa Inc as about 6700 Dunkin Donuts branches, offering 52 varieties of donuts and a dozen of coffee beverages, are operating in 35 states of USA (http://www.dunkindonuts.com). Basically Wawa Inc has been affected by its rivalries due to their strong strategic installation on global as well as national scale. The activities and peak of convenience stores and gas station industry is generally characterized by peaceful

Three Important Lessons by Kurlansky Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Three Important Lessons by Kurlansky - Assignment Example It is hard to understand what Kurlansky was driving to when he stated: â€Å"the state imagines it is impotent without a military because it cannot conceive of power without power† (Kurlansky 2006). This is evidenced by the fact that one can come up with many questions about this lesson. For instance, is it possible that Kurlansky implied that absence of power results to no state? Or is it possible that he thought that the state was the structural significance of power? Answering these questions enables one to understand the current power tussles in many states. Some Presidents of states have been overthrown because of lack of amicable cohesion between the government and their respective military. A good support of this claim is what took place in Egypt two years ago. The Egyptian army overthrew President Mohamed Morsi and held him together with his entire presidential term under house arrest. If President Morsi could have had a military, I mean him having a close relationship with the military; he could have secured his power as a president. In connection with the happenings in Egypt, many states are justified to consider themselves impotent if their relationship with their military is poor. As argued by Kurlansky, it is true â€Å"violence does not resolve. It always leads to more violence† (Kurlansky 2006). In relation to this claim, I came across a paper narrating what took place in Kenya as a result of election violence in 2007. The loss of the presidential results to one of the aspirants who was believed to have won through rigging the elections triggered violence between his supporters and those of his opponent. The majority of the people who participated in that election violence thought violence was the only way to solve their problem. Some politicians also fueled the hatred between people through financing their violence against each other. Unfortunately, the violence escalated beyond the control of the state leading to the loss of many innocent lives.

China and Western Religious Beliefs Essay Example for Free

China and Western Religious Beliefs Essay In the early human social, Religious includes world explanation, judicial, moral cultivation and mental comfort, and other functions. In modern society, science and judicial have separated from some religious, but the moral training and mental comfort function will continue to exist. Religion’s belief systems and social groups are an important part of human thought culture and social form. 1.1 The History of Christianity The History of Christianity is the study of the religion started by a Jewish prophet from Nazareth named Jesus. Christianity would grow into one of the worlds major religions, impacting all other religions and changing the course of human history. Christian history mainly concerns the Christian religion and Church, up to contemporary times and denominations. Christianity differs most significantly from the other Abrahamic religions in its claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son. The vast majority of Christians believe in a triune God consisting of three unified and distinct persons: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Throughout its history, the religion has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches. The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Protestant Churches. Christianity began spreading initially from Jerusalem, and then throughout the Near East, ultimately becoming the state religion of Armenia in 301 , of Ethiopia in 325,of Georgia in 337, and then the State church of the Roman Empire in 380. Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, it expanded throughout the world during Europes Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the worlds largest religion. 1.2 The History of china religious Confucianism, also known as Confucianism, the Confucian doctrine, otherwise known as Confucianism, but does not refer to religion. Confucius as the master of Confucianism, so there is called Confucianis. Confucian classics formed in times of Confucius, but in different age the interpretation of Confucian classics are very different, so it is difficult get a comprehensive define to the Confucian. Essence of Confucianism can be said of social ethics and social management, ethics, or religious interpretation, but not the religion. Ming and Qing dynasties look the Neo-Confucianism that formed in Song Dynasty as official theory so the Neo-Confucianism has spread as mainstream of Confucianism. Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs 2.1 The Similarities They have the same background, the Christian was created When the Jews were ruled by The Roman Empire, Jews look forward to a person just like the farseer said who can take them moving towards freedom. While China, Confucianism and Taoism are created when the people were suffering in pain during the Warring States period, 2.2 The Differences 1. Separation of Man and God in Western religions and unity of that in China original sin is the foundation of Christian theory and practice . Because human ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and Transmitted to their descendants, the result is men are guilty, all mankind have sin. because of this people are bound to die, and will were punished in all their life. We can see from the original sin all things of Christianity are classified into two worlds: the human world and God’s world. Person’s world is a world separated from God, and human’s world depends on God’s world, so everything is the communication between the two worlds and its results. Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature. While Chinese religion would emphasize that the harmony between man and nature, issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people- oriented. 2. Monotheism of western religions and pluralism of China religions Christianity is a strictly monotheistic, think that there only have one master of the universe that is God. According to predetermined level of order and purpose God arrange things of the universe. God as God, but also the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Starting this belief, the Christian establish a complete doctrine including Doctrine of God, creationism, human nature, original sin of Christ on, Salvation. Understanding the knowledge and stories of Bible is a very important part of the western cultural training. Therefore after the formation of Christianity it gradually established a fixed, unified values ​​and outlook on life. Those are met with the religious teaching, whether the regulation or the modern thoughts can not be divorced from the relationship with this religious. In practice, Christianity also starting from system to establish unified church organization such as church in urban and rural areas for christians to pray. Chinas religious has given people great freedom, so that people can hold religious sentiment in their hearts. Therefore, the God most Chinese people worship is not uniform. Most Chinese people do not belong to a religious organization, however, are more or less exist a unified spirit from Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism. The religious traditions in China, Confucianism has constituted the soul of Chinese culture in the long course of historical development. Many thinkers and politicians in China are based on the Confucian sense of responsibility to pursue truth, to maintain the orthodox and the implementation of reforms. On the other hand, in addition to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the Chinese folk religion and worship of God is also very much prosperity and universal, various gods are the object that believers worship incense. the strong contrast between the conceptual life and practical life resulted in the loss of religious values ​​and alienation in China, and also led to the emergence and spread of a variety of primitive superstitious beliefs and event. It caused abnormal development of the spiritual life, so that a heavy burden put on the reality of Chinese culture, many people have a spiritual emptiness

Essay --

INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT II 016201300090 IR-1 / 2013 2013 I. System Theory – David Easton System theory was first announced by David Easton, a Canadian political scientist in 1965. He is most well-known for his proposal of applying the theory in the world of political science. System theory basically explains about how the environment and social life as well give contribution and affect the political system around them, and the process goes on cyclically. Firstly, there are demands or supports from the surrounding environment of the present time (demands of changes from people/citizens, for example: rise of salary, changes of policy, better welfare and public facilities). These demands are to be said by Easton as inputs, which then will be taken into account to the political system. Secondly, after going through considerations in political system, the received inputs leads the political system into making decisions and or actions, called as outputs given to the social environment (for example: new policy, new rules, new facilities). Thirdly, the ‘outputs’ are given to the environment and the political system lets them interact. If the outputs given resulting in some changes or improvement, it means there are outcomes. Lastly, after some time the environment interacts with the new outputs, there might be some more changes demanded to the outcomes (for example, the new policies/rules are too strict, the facilities needs be tter management). These new demands towards the outcomes are called feedbacks. Feedbacks will once again be taken into account by the political system, which we can consider as the new inputs - in other words it’s back to the first time, hence called a cyclical process. For example... ... utilitarianism could be done in a wrong way. For example, an act of stealing from the rich to give the benefits to the poor, will still be considered a good action. Even though the process could be considered as a crime, the purpose or result however, is to promote the happiness of the poor people; for what matters to utilitarianism is the results only, not the motives nor the methods – hence the questions arise about utilitarianism being unjust. However, according to Mill arguments regarding the protests, justice actually preserves peace among people, and that is the implementation of the definition of utilitarianism itself. Utilitarianism theory can also be implemented in government nowadays in case of creating rules and policies and especially in making decisions, in means that the decisions made can bring out the best results which will actually benefit people.

Review Article †Rheumatoid Arthritis & Il-6 Essay

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition principally causing synovial joint inflammation and cartilage erosion. The pathogenesis encompasses intricate cellular and humoural manifestations, and vascular reactions that result in the infiltration of the synovium by white blood cells, of which release inflammatory mediators, inclusive of Interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 serum levels of RA patients as shown by Capell et al. (1993) displayed a median of 55 IU/ml, as compared to that of healthy controls of 10 IU/ml. With a wide-ranging pleiotropy endorsed by both a membrane-bound (IL-6R) and soluble (sIL-6R) receptor, and by the relative omnipresence of the trans-membrane protein gp130, IL-6 endorses a pro-inflammatory effect via its influence on numerous cell types and signalling-pathways. As a result, heightened levels of IL-6 aids in the promotion of osteitis, sequential joint damage, pain/discomfort and impaired function in RA patients. Pleiotropy of IL-6 Interleukin 6 exerts effects on numerous pathways contributing to the pathophysiology of RA. IL-6 as it is called today has been known by several names that exemplify its pleiotropy for example, hepatocyte-stimulating factor known to cause the induction of C-reactive protein (CRP); due to IL-6 association with synovial fibril aggregation has been known as Amyloid protein; a thrombopoietin; both B-cell differentiation and stimulating factor 2; plasmacytoma growth factor; and cytotoxic T-cell differentiation factor. It also causes the differentiation of Th17 cells; is a causative factor in adhesion molecule expression on the surface of endothelial cells, and is involved in the differentiation to mature from precursor osteoclasts cells (REF!!). IL-6 Recptor binding IL-6 implements its influence via a protein complex primarily comprised of a membrane bound IL-6R and a glycoprotein comprised of two intra-cytoplasmic transducer sub-units, gp130. When IL-6 binds to membrane bound IL-6R (mIL-6R) it causes homo-dimerisation of the gp130 sub-units, of which triggers intra-cytoplasmic signal transduction. Whilst expression of gp130 is relatively omnipresent upon the surface of the body’s cells (Akil, et al., 2008), IL-6R is most prominently located on hepatocytes, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and select lymphocytes. However, (sIL-6R) of which is systemic also binds IL-6, and just as mIL-6R, can also engage with gp130 for sIL-6-gp130 trans-signalling (REF!). Synoviocytes, for example do not express mIL-6R but do express gp130. Raised levels of IL-6 in the synovium is a characteristic biomarker of RA (Attar, et al., 2010), and Kim, et al. (1996) states enhanced IL-6/sIL-6R in synovial fluid increased the risk of joint destruction, as IL-6 stimulates endothelial cells to express adhesion cytokines and other molecules of which attract inflammatory cells to synovial membrane (Romano, et al., 1997) thus could contribute to exemplifying the significance of sIL-6R in RA pathophysiology. sIL-6R is formed by either an incomplete proteolytic enzymic dissection of mIL-6R or alternative splicing of mRNA (REF!!). With the aforementioned ubiquitous nature of gp130, mIL-6R and systemic sIL-6R, increasing evidence REFERENCES SEE NOTES!! shows that a non-membrane bound, systemic, soluble gp130 (sgp130) found in higher circulatory concentrations than that of sIL-6, also binds IL-6/sIL-6R, thus functioning as a redundency factor inhibiting the cytoplasmic signal-transducing potential of mgp130 REFERENCES SEE NOTES!!, (IL-6/IL-6 receptor system and its role†¦) thus serving as a natural inhibitor of IL-6 signalling (IL-6/IL-6 receptor system and its role†¦). Intracellular signalling gp130 dimerisation brings Janus Kinases (JAKS), a receptor-associated protein complex, into close proximity causing a trans-activation of the two molecule types. Auto-phosphorylation of JAKS occurs, of which causes intracellular signal transduction by recruiting signal-transducers and activators of transcriptions (STAT) that form either hetro or homo dimers and migrate to cell nucleus effecting target gene transcription of various physiological processes (REF). IL-6 can be detrimental to human physiology (REF!), thus expression of proteins known as the suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) function as a negative-feedback system, and are activated by STAT’s. The regulation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway by SOCS is more specifically down-regulated by SOCS 3 (REF!). SOCS 3 binds JAK’s causing negative-regulation thus functioning as an auto-regulatory mechanism, by inhibiting JAK activity. IL-6 and the Adaptive Immune System The trans-signalling of IL-6 is known to cause the induction of pre-B-cell-colony-stimulating factor (PBEF) in fibroblast cells of the synovium (Bryant, et al., 2006), and since PBEF upon its discovery was considered a B-cell differentiation cytokine(McNiece et al., 1994), it could be considered plausible that IL-6-induced PBEF and the IL-6 maturation of B-cells, collectively contribute to RA. It has been found the effect of IL-6 on plasmablasts indirectly induces the production of B-cell antibodies by assisting elements of CD4+ T-cells (of which act upon activated B-cells) due to elevated IL-21 production (Bond, et al., 2009), thus IL-6 may potentially be a co-adjuvant to humoural immunity enhancement (Bond, et al., 2009). Enhanced levels of the RA associated Rheumatoid Factor are located in the IgA, IgG and IgM isotypes (Ahmed, et al., 2010), and citruline antibodies located in serum and joints, can be linked to the plasmablast-induced antibody production of IL-6 (Ahmed, et al., 20 10). IL-6 enhances T-cell proliferation where they have been mitogen stimulated (Mihara, et al., 2002). IL-6 also impacts T-cell development (Mihara, et al., 2002). Along with transforming growth factor (TGF)- ÃŽ ², IL-6 contributes to Th 17 differentiation, an effector T cell with pro-inflammatory elements, and is further compounded by Th 17 production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 (Bettelli, et al., 2007). Interestingly, without IL-6, TGF- ÃŽ ² induces Treg production, of which are Th 17 cell suppressors (Hirota, et al., 2008). CD4+ Th cells have been considered Th 1 and Th 2 based upon their cytokine-producing characteristics (Diehl and Rincon, 2002). Th 1 and Th 2 produce IFN-á µ § and IL-13 respectively, of which are both pro-inflammatory molecules, however whereas IL-6 bolsters IL-4 induced differentiation of Th 2, it causes the inhibition of IL-12 induced differentiation of Th 1 (Diehl and Rincon, 2002). Acosta-Rodriguez, et al. (2007) found that in vitro levels of IL-1ÃŽ ² – induced Th 17 polarisation of naà ¯ve human CD4+ T-cells were heightened by IL-6 involvement. More research however, is required to make clear the full extent of IL-6 role in human Th 17 cell development, in vivo. During inflammation, neutrophils of which are essential inflammatory mediators, systemically increase substantially, resulting in relative neutrophilia. Endothelial cells, macrophages and monocytes all emit IL-6. Neutrophils are directly affected by IL-6 due to the expression of IL-6R. Filer, et al. (2005) found that co-cultured endothelial cells and fibroblasts extracted from synovial fluid of RA patients caused an increase in IL-6 and neutrophil recruitment. Adhesion molecules, of which it has been shown in the work of Woodfin et al. (2010) to be required in the transmigration of neutrophils, are augmented by IL-6 such as vascular cell adhesion molecule – 1 (VCAM) and intracellular adhesion molecule – 1 (ICAM) of which produce chemokine production. Thus neutrophils being the most numerous and systemic of leucocytes have a strong initial synovial presence and is bolstered by the amplification of the inflammatory cascade, contributing to the inflammatory escalation during acute-phase response; and findings from animal and human studies revealed that the blockade of IL-6 caused a reduction in neutrophil levels at inflamed sites (Hashizume, et al., 2008), as well as a reduction in systemic neutrophil counts in RA patients (Deguchi, et al., 2003 and Broll, et al., 2006),thus indicating a prominent role for IL-6 in neutrophilia. IL-6: Acute to Chronic Farnarier, et al. (2003) suggests the transition from acute to chronic inflammation as emphasised by a shift of biomarker from neutrophil to monocyte, is influenced by IL-6. It was found that if stimulated for a number of hours by inflammatory cytokines, neutrophils switched from the production of IL-8 and transitioned to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (Yamashiro, et al., 1999). sIL-6R is released from neutrophils of which in turn causes the chemokine release of endothelial cells, thus Romano, et al. (1997) suggests the IL-6 – sIL6R complex contributes to the release of MCP-1 from endothelial cells. As earlier discussed, neutrophil-count was found to be directly associated with the blockade of IL-6R?!; and endothelial cells expressing the gp130 but not the IL-6R, thus reliant upon the IL-6 – sIL6RÃŽ ± complex for induction of MCP-1 release, i.e. the release of monocyte, not neutrophil specific chemo-attractants (Gres, et al., 2001), it would appear IL-6 tran-signalling plays an integral role in the transition from acute to chronic inflammation via neutrophil and endothelial cells. *CHART SHOWING CELLS THAT RELEASE IL-6!!* IL-6 induces a disintigrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteinases of which are pivotal in the degradation of extracellular matrix. IL-6 more specifically, has been shown to induce ADAMTS-4 and MMP’s 1, 2 and 13 production in cells lining the synovium and chondrocytes (Hashizume and Mihara, 2009; Hashizume, et al., 2010; 2012). However, it has been suggested the IL-6 – sIL-6R complex has bearing on the extracellular matrix turnover, as it causes generation of tissue inhibitors of MMP’s (TIMP’s) in synovium fibroblasts and chondrocytes (Dayer, et al., 1998 and Hashizume, et al., 2012). The drug tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 inhibitor reduces MMP-3 blood serum levels of RA patients (Garnero, et al., 2010), and has been show to restore biomarkers associated with cartilage turnover (Dayer, et al., 1998). Thus, in RA patients the reduction of IL-6 activity appears to be a mediatory factor in sustainment of healthy joint cartilage. Angiogenesis is a key process in the local inflammatory process. Neovascularisation of the synovium and other angiogenic processes such as hyperplasia of synovial cells and permeation by inflammatory cells are characteristic processes in pannus development and RA pathology (Ballara et al., 2001). In addition to notable constituents of the inflammatory process such as monocytes and T cells, both of which as stated previously have affiliations with IL-6 expression (CITATION OF A FEW), levels of a key angiogenic specific growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has also been associated with systemic levels of IL-6, as demonstrated in the work of Hasizume, et al., 2009 and Hagihara, et al., 2003 revealing IL-6 induces VEGF production from synovial cells. VEGF induces proteins that contribute to the breakdown of endothelial basement membrane, including MMP’s, of which increases the permeability of blood vessels, thus allowing enhanced infiltration of inflammatory constituents (Delisle, et al., 2010). VEGF levels accordingly, have been shown to coincide with the articular severity of RA (Hagihana, et al., 2003), and has shown a reduction in response to TCZ (Hagihana, et al., 2003), of which correlates with findings of a semi-quantitative assessment by Akoi, et al. (2011) using ultrasonography that found TCZ responsible for a marked reduction in RA neovascularisation. Bone Remodelling Bone remodelling is a highly regulated process in which mature bone tissue is removed by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts. The pathogenesis of RA favours bone loss (resorption) via the excessive production of osteoclasts. Anecdotal evidence by Kazuto et al. (1996) revealed synovial fluid highly +ve for IL-6 –sIL6R complex from RA patients, stimulated increased formation of osteoclasts in mouse co-culture of osteoblast and bone marrow cells. This study coincides with research by Balena, et al. (1994) of which indicated that mice deficient in IL-6 displayed no significant changes in gross or trabecular bone structure. In human studies, biopsies of RA patients revealed that peri-articular bone loss was found to correlate with local excessive presence of IL-6 (Sugiyama, 2001), and work by Garnero et al. (2009) showed the administration of TCZ to RA patients in a multi-centre double-blind placebo-controlled study yielded an increase in bone-formation markers, with a decrease in bone-resorption markers. Collectively, research suggests IL-6 has a negative effect on bone mass. Acute-phase response Acute-phase response is an innate immune reaction in which IL-6 is notably involved via the stimulation of hepatocytes, and is a key inducer of the acute-phase protein CRP. CRP is considered a dependable biomarker of inflammation and RA activity as serum half-life remains constant due to its inflammatory-induced, hepatic-stimulated production being the exclusive systemic determinant and due to its noted increase in RA serum levels (Hirshfield and Pepys, 2003). Anaemia Approximately 1-in-4 RA patients will suffer symptoms of anaemia within the first year (Figenschau, Nikolaisen and Nossent, 2008). The hormone hepcidin, produced in the liver and integral in stemming the metabolism of iron, has been shown in vitro to increase in presence due to IL-6 stimulation of hepatoma cells (Ganz, 2003). This study correlates with Gabayan et al. (2004) in which IL-6 induced patients experienced a 7.5 fold increase in hepcidin production. Anaemia in RA patients, as a result of a hepcidin-IL-6 axis, has limited but supported credence. Osteoporosis has also shown a correlation with IL-6. As mentioned earlier, healthy bone metabolism requires adequate regulation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, in which excessive IL-6 expression and the Th17 derived IL-17 (Gillespie, et al., 1999) both contribute to excessive osteoclast formation (Campbell et al., 2005). This has also been found to be the case in transgenic mice (De et al., 2006; and Choy and Dayer, 2009) in which bone formation was reduced, and negative ossification was reported. As shown, there are comparable cross-over aspects of IL-6 pathology between RA and osteoporosis. Treatment As highlighted throughout this review, IL-6 plays a pleiotropic pathophysiological role in RA, thus would make an ideal therapeutic target. The most promising and note-worthy of treatments at present, TCZ interrupts IL-6 induced trans-signalling. Numerous studies have shown promising results including a phase III clinical trial in 2005 using the ACR (American College of Rheumatology)* RA activity measure, which had improvement measures of 89, 70 and 47% at ACR’s of 20, 50 and 70 respectively at 52 weeks, in patients treated with TCZ. This multicentre, double-blind placebo-controlled trial by Hashimoto et al. (2004) showed bone resorption and joint destruction could potentially be completely prevented (Kishimoto, 2010), as exemplified when a culture of patient synovial and peripheral mononuclear cells, extracted from the same patients showed that osteoclast generation was completely prevented (Hashimoto et al., 2004; Kishimoto, 2010). At 6 weeks within this study, it was also found that IgG, CRP and serum amyloid A levels all normalised. It has also been suggested that TCZ aids in Th17 differentiation, hence IL-17 production, thus aids in the improvement of RA symptoms (Kimura and Kishimoto, 2010). Other notable studies such as the SAMURAI (Study of Active controlled Monotherapy Used for RA, an IL-6 Inhibitor) and LITHE (TociLIzumab safety and THE prevention of structural joint damage trial) served to enhance conscensus. This humanised, monoclonal antibody has now been approved in many countries^^. 286 With a wide-ranging pleitropy, IL-6 has the most profuse SF and systemic cytokine presence in RA pathophysiology, and coincides with cartilage erosion and disease activity. It has a role in elements of B-cell differentiation and increasing evidence suggests a definite yet ambiguous role in Th17 differentiation. IL-6 has several key positions in immune and inflammatory processes (recruitment, permeation and adhesion of inflammatory elements), and bone and joint degradation, of which over-expression causes adversity, such as release of hepcidin and CRP from the liver contributing to anaemia and inflammation, osteoporosis and pannus development. It plays a key role in the cross-over from acute-to-chronic disease. 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Interleukin-6 modulates production of T lymphocyte–derived cytokines in antigen-induced arthritis and drives inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 54 (1): 158-168. [online] Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.21537/pdf [Accessed 02 January 2013].

Tegan Hrad Write Up

Was outsourcing the APP project the right move for Texan given the other possible alternatives? Outsourcing has seemed to acquire a rise In popularity and usage In our modern times. Outsourcing involves entering into a contract in which an in-house company process, or processes, is ultimately handed over and dealt with from a third party's perspective. I would have to say that there are three primary, helpful factors to outsourcing, especially when it comes to the world of business. To start off, the cost of operations can be trimmed down through outsourcing.This, In turn, would assist a reparation or business in accumulating more illustrations. Secondly, every organization out there has the intention of delivering top-of-the-line services and goods. Outsourcing can contribute to more efficient deliveries. Specifically concerning information technology or something that would be considered to be a bit more technical, outsourcing can bolster efficiency within that particular field of a technical nature. Thus, productivity would be improved through outsourcing. Thirdly and lastly, within a set interval of time, an establishment has the ability through outsourcing to complete projects promptly.This Is due to the fact that while a third party is handling a certain progression of a certain company, that individual company can now use its human capital and employees † that may originally were going to have to deal with a peculiar development stage of a certain project which has now been outsourced – in other, more beneficial ways. More labor can be put into other areas. Yet, when concerning one's self or a company's self with such an area as information technology, outsourcing must be looked at with meticulous contemplation In order to guarantee the best possible outcome.Experts, on both ides of the aisle, the customer / purchaser and the outsourced business, must exhibit exemplary communication between the two of them. Both sides need to be participati ng constantly and engaged. Items will need to be analyzed on a constant basis. Participation and engagement will be critical again. With all of this in mind, I would have to say that the APP project being outsourced, on the part of Texan, was not a good move. They might have thought it was a good move, but it turned out not to be because the project bombed, especially In terms of the time Interval In which It was supposed to be completed.Obviously, there were failures In regards to communication. Additionally, I think Texan did not make available various pieces of crucial material that could have helped Hard. Maybe if Hard had possessed more intricate information or more information at a faster rate of speed, they could have optimized various systems and system functions by the Intended due date. SECTION 2: What are the tradeoffs involved in having the requirements analysis for a project performed by one of the firms that would ultimately bold on the project? Off The main touch, con cerning the requirements analysis tort a project, is to texture out owe a system specifically runs and how all the intricacies within that system work together. In the course of any requirements analysis process, tradeoffs must be pondered. Additionally, when an organization ultimately decides to pick that other outfit to perform whatever assignments need to be done, a thorough thought process will have to go in to that as well. A variety of tradeoffs happen based on many motives. Allow me to expand a bit. Leading off, I have to begin with cost.Cost is an essential, necessary component to undertake requirements analysis. Practically every equines out there is attempting to lower costs when taking on any pursuit while simultaneously trying to extract returns at an utmost level. Therefore, if the requirements analysis method is too pricey to do it in-house, the more fitting and suitable approach would be for that business to outsource to another agency the particular tasks and Jobs it wants done. I think ideally a firm or business group of sorts would love to use their own employees to complete tasks that the company needs to be fulfilled.Unfortunately, employees can be limited in their knowledge bases. Internally speaking, it may not be able to be done and then upper management may have to hire new people or possibly more people based on the size of the project or project duties. This ramification may not have been in the minds of senior management. Basically, can senior management hire specialized laborers or can they scoot on by without them? Cost definitely plays a role right here. What will be economical for the company? How long can companies consistently pay for specialized labor to work within their internal structures?What outsourcing options does a company have? Subsequently, constrictions and limitations regarding information technology are an integral part of the requirements analysis process. As a firm or company is mulling over the idea of outsourc ing, the individual company needs to understand how technologically advanced the other agency is. What are the boundaries and controls of that other agency? Do they actually have a proficient team of technological professionals that will be able to deliver what they promise or will they get stuck on something somewhere in the middle of the project? That would not be good.Whenever a company out there, no matter how big or small it is, indicates to go with an outsourcing partnership, it always helps to uncover and verify the chemical aptness of the agency that will be providing the commissioned package of odds and services. Thirdly, time is critical. The deliberation of time intervals and what needs to be finished within a certain time is vital when dealing with a requirements analysis. This is yet another tradeoff. Can we as a company, with everything that is already on our plate, complete projects x, y, and z on our own or do we need assistance getting such projects done in a more t imely fashion?To top off this section, if time is the key element that will make or break a project or series of activities, the companies that are researching outsourcing firms and will eventually pick one needs to find one that is efficient in accomplishing the sought after goal of time management. It is always nice for a business to have a positive rapport with an outsourcing firm. It might loosen up any stresses and that outsourcing firm may win the bid. Yet, how friendly is too friendly? Maybe a friendship could be cause for a lax / careless atmosphere.SECTION 3†² Given our Journeys through the world tot system development method discuss the choice of development methodology employed by Hard Technician. I know in class thus far and in this current case (in certain spots), I learned about some different types of development methodology. From what I gathered, I believe the range of methodologies crosses the spectrum from agile methods and waterfall- type routines over to eng ineering, iterative, and Joint access / design. One can even notice that within the Texan C. C. C. Document, the waterfall model is mentioned in the middle of page four.Furthermore, within the Hard Technician document, on its page four, it used such keywords as iteratively on the top of that page and then linty and Joint meeting in the middle of that page. I found it fascinating to go back through my notes and sort of match up some of these buzz words in the context of these two cases as I read through them. I got to see some of these methodologies referenced, shining a bit more light upon them. Concerning Hard Technician and what they employed, I would have to say the methodology that was exhibited was one of Joint Access and Joint Design.Moreover, I would say the waterfall methodology popped up too. Within the first kind of methodology Count methodology), the creators (the outsourced firm, Hard) remain in contact with the customer (Texan) concerning hoicks about what characteristi cs need to be assimilated into the layout of the current system in place. It is also helpful if the customer (Texan) has some know-how in regards to all the various pieces and cogs that should be built in and encompassed within the system. What the new system is going to be should be a clear picture within the customer's mind.That notion will aid and benefit the minds and thinking processes of the designers, also known as the outsourced firm. The outsourced organization would then develop, foster, and nurture such demented aspects and components into the system. Anything and everything that would be integrated or expanded upon into the system should adhere to strict compliance. The outsourced company cannot put something into the system that is not agreed upon or simply will not fit into the system. In continuation, once the system has been finalized, the client gets to test it.Hopefully the client does test it and does not Just start running with it immediately. The customer compan y needs to make sure they are getting the correct requirements they negotiated. Most likely testing will occur, and this is where both parties can record any inconsistencies and inefficiencies. If rectifications need to be made or functionality needs to be improved, this is where it happens. When Jointly designing usages and purposes, both sides need to cooperate. It is only through this cooperation that a successful end result can be achieved.Texan and Hard need to be on the same page. After reading both cases, it was quite obvious that there were some alignment problems. Furthermore, within this Joint methodology, it is obligatory that both sides have the same real time, working awareness and information for what the anticipated system is supposed to become this also appeared to be problematic). There cannot be delays or miscues sending and receiving data and material. If there is a break down in any of the topics previously discussed, it will cause a failure within the developmen t of the proposed, newer and better system.I do believe with the Joint designing, both companies put forth what they considered to be an adequate amount of effort but through their supposed tortes, they Jointly took a nose dive together. I truly believe each side wanted to help the other side, but they never accurately matched up with each other. It wasn't meant to be. In addition to the Joint access method, I also saw elements of the waterfall method illustrated by Hard. However, with the project climate constantly changing, the waterfall method may not have been the best choice by Hard.Probably a better choice by Hard would have been something along the lines of an iterative method. The waterfall method can be quite linear and rigid. It does not allow for flexibility and scope adjustments. I think the term scope creep ended up hitting Hard pretty hard there towards the end of both cases. With the waterfall method, it seemed to me like Hard could not really go back to a previous ph ase. It seems like the waterfall method displayed by Hard caused the project to overrun not only in regards to time but with cost too.SECTION 4: Why did Hard Technician, the firm that performed the requirements analysis, have scope and requirements problems once the project commenced? Hard Technician decided to implement a methodology that involved sharing. The sharing was intended to be mutual and on a consistent basis. Regrettably, barriers that revolved around steady interaction and dependable exchanges of information hindered a good amount of project requirements. Even though Hard Technician reformed the requirements analysis, many of the goals and ideas that were slotted to take place did not meet the standards that needed to be in place. Problems had arisen.First off, the analysis stage was not a success. Hard had enormously depended upon their former understanding of the system. This understanding and knowledge had come about when they had actually contrived the requirement d ocument. Through this, I can infer that most likely during the quality analysis phase, the project did not excel and outshine, as it was meant. It probably did not show promise and turned out to be a flop. Once again, over-confidence in relation to the system and supposed familiarity with the system contributed to the failings and deficiencies of the planning and devising committees of Hard.As an end product of all of this, there ended up being a wide-ranging shortage of awareness. The customer (Texan) and the outsourced firm (Hard) were not on the same page at all when it came down to the requests and wishes for what wanted to be done with the A / P System. Secondly, the Low Level Design Documents come to mind. There seemed to be time lost or time not properly used concerning the Olds. I do not think the company of Texan embraced a correct development methodology. Moreover, I do not believe Texan had enough adequate resources or enough expert-type employees.There are two great quot es on page three and then page four in the Hard Technician case that back up the previous sentence. The first one was: â€Å"While at the initial meeting, there had been many people close to the A / P project, it unfolded that it was only the most vocal person at the meeting who understood the system: Julia lone. † The second was: â€Å"As a short cut, Hard decided that it would be impossible for Lila Jones (the expert) to review every [single] document, so they distilled what they knew onto a set of Powering slides which they presented to Jones for her reaction. Additionally, the interruption of said time was intrinsic regarding the end date for the project. As a consequence tot all these time issues, the managing team obviously wanted to take precautions and preventative measures to try to condense the time of culmination for the project. However, in a way, this over eagerness to remedy time management difficulties headed towards some other errors that inadvertently held p the typical and customary functioning of the system. Overall, another methodology should have been used. I think the system failure was due to the methodology that got picked.There should have been another course of action where Texan did not have such a principal role. If that had been the case, maybe Hard could have improved the performance of the system. SECTION 5: The Case Writers state: â€Å"Sadly, Smith knew that â€Å"Leadership† and â€Å"Commitment†, the paucity of which was blamed for untold IT failures were not the problems here. † Critique- do you agree? What do you see as the most important IT management failures here? It is quite evident that there was a deficiency in the commitment and leadership categories from both sides, Texan and Hard.This paucity, as it is called, caused several complications throughout the execution of the A / P project. Thus, I do not agree with the quotation above. I think leadership and commitment were some of the major problems and contributed greatly to the unsuccessful nature of the project. I mean, Texan did not exactly express an overwhelming dedication to the project due to the fact that it never truly released a sufficient amount of knowledgeable staff to alp accelerate the OLD reviews. In response to all of this, Hard was pretty accommodating and compliant to the seemingly inflexible ways of Texan.The mannerisms of Texan displayed an attitude as if they did not care if the project was a success or not. Furthermore, Texan was adamant about having a fixed-price contract. This was all regardless of over-flowing costs and even the enthusiasm and cooperation of Hard to pay for some of the additional costs. This right here is sort of exemplifying in a way that Texan really did not want to go the distance with this project. I feel as if Texan Just wanted to pay someone swiftly and have the outsourced company get it done swiftly too.Moreover, another conceivable drawback that could have endangered and threatened the project was employing the exact same company that also performed the requirements analysis. Concerning one final thought and going back real quick to the fixed-price contract, the usage of this kind of contract forced a sizeable test upon Hard in tackling the new transformations of the execution of the project. The system had some very complex pieces to it that were not initially recognized. SECTION 6: Which of the options for moving forward that Texan identified would you recommend? I would have to state that the project at hand was an immediate failure.Many conditions and obligations were not met. It is also obvious that more time and more money will be necessary to guarantee that at some point the project will be officially completed. Two primary reasons for the shortcomings of this project, yet again, included the sluggish rotational speed in regards to the L Ads and now tats they could send them back and forth to one another accompanied with appropriate feed back ND secondly, the consciousness that suddenly came about in regards to the fact that other and new elements needed to be incorporated into the system of which had not been delineated within the requirements analysis.Out of the four possible choices on page five of the Texan document, I would go with a mix of one and three. Texan should â€Å"stick with Hard†, and they should also continue to â€Å"devote resources to ideally fix, or at least patch the existing system. † The fundamental recommendation, as I see it, would be to expand the timeline rather than to considerably shrink the project's nationality. I think Hard is starting to see the complexities, they Just need more time.An entirely new outsourced firm, I think, would be bad. A new firm might not even see what Hard is recognizing right now for an even longer period of time, which could possibly produce what would seem like an eternal drag of resources and money. I think this recommendation would be the bes t. I think it would be advantageous to Texan and Hard logically speaking because eventually the deliverables would be met, they would specifically be met by Hard, and maybe some sort of relationship restoration could be had.

Erin Brockovich essays

Erin Brockovich essays How Is Erin Brockovich The Personification Of The American Dream? The American dream is the ideology that if we work hard we will do well and be successful in life. Erin Brockovich brings this idea to life as she works hard to become the successful woman that she wants to be. This idea is emphasised by the fact that she is a single mother, poor and without much of an education behind her and so has to defy all the odds to achieve the things she wants. The idea is also further extended as not only does she work hard to gain success but helps people in the process, implying that the american dream can help others aswell as ourselves and that our dreams do not have to help only ourselves. The film Erin Brockovich is not entirely truthful as it promotes the American dream through the Erin Brockovich story yet only shows the positive side, missing out the more serious negative sides to the after effects of what actually happened. The film deals with the concept of the american dream by looking into the many modern day issues that stood in between the title character and achieving the dream. Erin Brockovich is a single mother, trying to make enough money to support her children. After a car accident which wasnt her fault she persuades the lawyer who represented her in court to give her a job. Whilst doing this job she comes across some medical records in with the real estate files, and curious, decides to investi gate. She finds out about a cover-up in a local community. The local water supply is contaminated causing devastating illnesses to the current and some previous residents. After further investigation and with the help of a major law firm Erin and her boss fight against the company responsible, PG $333 million. Winning the case earns Erin more money and respect than she has eve...

Hemiplegia Baseball Adaptation Essay

Hemiplegia Baseball Adaptation Essay If I were to adapt the activity of Baseball for a non-ambulatory person with hemiplegia on the left side, to participate in an integrated program, I would have to consider the 4 categories of modifications to have a good plan.They are: Procedural/Operational which focuses on rules of the game, Evironmental deals with where the game will be played, Equipment focuses on adaptations to playing equipment and Human Intervention involves human contact, praise and instruction.Focusing on Procedural/Operational modification, I may change a few rules. I may have a pinch hitter for the runner who will run from home plate with the batter to 1st base and then take over from there or have the batter have a few seconds of lead time before the ball can be thrown after their hit. I will also allow the batter to either use a batting tee instead of having the ball pitched to them or they can have the ball pitched to them at a low speed, whatever they are most comfortable with.English: "Home Plate Umpi re signals a pinch hitter...

The Greek Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Greek Civilization - Essay Example The Greek Civilization Civilization is a phrase that was coined from Latin word to mean the state of advancement in the social, cultural and material status of a society or a civil organization and existence of man. The development in the Greek tradition and the advance of the society during the 18th century is believed to have influenced the growth and development of modern world. The migration of the Greeks from their motherland believed to be somewhere in middle Asia has been attributed to the rise of Greece civilization and as start point upon which their development was based. In this paper, the factors that influenced the historical development of the Greek civilization will be evaluated to help find out reasons for such an extraordinary civilization. Other civilizations also occurred after or during the Greek civilization and this paper will seek to identify if the Greek civilization was more superior to these other civilizations like the Near Eastern civilization. A number of agricultural, industrial and medical practices have roots in the Greek culture and this explains the extraordinary nature of the Greek civilization. Pruning, an agricultural practice was discovered in the Apulia when in the process of feeding, asses ate the shoots of vines and this resulted into increased yields. This happened despite historical evidence that points to Africa as th e home of many plants that later domesticated into food crops. Large scale and plantation farming also began in Greek and this is attributed to the emergence of the growth of food crops in large scales to feed the increasing population. Greek devised the processed of fire making through the Athenians, the also developed the first ship in Alesiai, an important invention in the development of transport systems (Bruce 12). The strength and source of knowledge that guided the Greek development into a major pioneer of civilization has remained a puzzle for many modern historians. The exact source of information and innovation power that influenced their ability to understand the various inventions they made is a puzzle. However, Greeks believed in the power of the myths that were said of their origin, ancestors, migrations and heroes. Greek gods were also common and they differed based on the role that each played and how this influenced the lives of the people. The myths points to the g eographical settings of the ancient Greek as a major determining factor in the development of civilization in the Greek colonies. The myths points a Greek that was filled with animated hills, dale and sea coasts which are believed to have influenced the quality of their lifestyle hence the need for innovations and civilization (Marc 28). The Greek civilization followed the Egyptian civilization and some historians argue that the influence of the Egyptian civilization accelerated the growth of the Greek civilization. However, the Greek empire controlled a number of colonies in Europe before the emergence of the Roman Empire; however, during this time of civilization, the roman invasion was rising and Greek was beginning to the feel the impacts of the pressure exerted by the Romans. Civilization and the development of new methods of doing things were necessitated by the competition that existed between these empires to control more colonies in Europe. Greeks may have stepped into the feet of Egypt to increase its agricultural production by adopting newer methods of crop production and means of transport in an effort to gain economic strength as compared to the roman empires. In explaining the progress and vigor of the Greek civilization, a number of factors have been floated and discussed in relation to the developments that characterized this period. Greek mythologies

Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Chinese - Essay Example By stealing the sword, Jade Fox a woman who is acquainted with Wudang skills is accused of stealing it, though she only stole it to show her kung fu martial arts are better. However, the film also presents in a complete elaborate details of all the levels of life, love and life. Through Jens, the real life and the real life situations that occur in the daily life, we find Jen portraying the same effect (Seto, Lu, and Ming). Li mu bai is not only an accomplished swordsman but also a martial artist and a main character in the film. He has a sword, The Green Destiny Sword, which is a renowned sword due to its superiority in a fight as well as its grace. The sword has been for about 400-years of which it has some special powers. His artistic martial arts were at a high level and he had practiced in the Wudan School of sword fighting which is well known throughout China. Unfortunate for him, he has been trying all through to find the person who murdered his master, whom Jade Fox had killed. This being his target mission was for him to complete his destined life, and all that he goes through, the training, the fights and all the obstructions that he has faced in his life are solely related to the special sword. He fails to find the person and he is tired of the continuous fighting of search where he resorts to rest and live the ways of a warrior. It is then that he decides to hand over the sword to Yu Shu Li en so that she could deliver it and present it like a gift to one of their friends known as Sir Te. Li Mu Bai explains that the sword has or holds too much memories of his past and thus his wish is to retire in peace. However, it li mu bai loves Shu lien and that is not deniable because both have feelings for each other though they never acknowledge it or act it out (Seto, Lu, and Ming). Shu-lien is as wudan expert and a martial artist. She was married to Meng, the classmate to Mu bai and who was murdered in the

China mitigating the impact of carbon dioxide Essay

China mitigating the impact of carbon dioxide - Essay Example Contrary to numerous states that have alleged both China and US are ignorant of numerous policies that global agencies have instituted to shun climate degradation, it has however tried to implement varied national policies. For instance, China this year revealed its intentions of reducing the CO2 emission levels stated in 2005 by approximately 60-65%. This coupled with other numerous advancements devised and proposed by Chinese government; experts have contended the country seems now to be on the right track towards curbing its excessive CO2 release. However, despite these advancements and proposals by Chinese government, the extent of CO2 emissions from the numerous sprouting industries by the day is still high, which makes the country appear as if is it is not doing enough. One of the policies implemented and currently, in place includes the vehicle exercise taxation. This policy normally compels those owning automobiles with big engines to be parting with a significant amount of t axation that commensurate with the extent of CO2 release. Hence, discouraging people from opting to own vehicles like SUV whose impact through pollution is quite high compared to small engine cars. These laws are extremely stringent compared to those in US but the challenge emerges with double release not only from the automobiles but also from industries. Hence, prompting other global states claim Chinese government does not exhibit the necessary willingness towards curbing this menace, which has ensued to political issues.

Dropout of school Essay Example for Free

Dropout of school Essay The Huffington Post recently ran an article entitled, Americas School Dropout Epidemic By The Numbers about Americas dropout problem. I would like to add my opinions about why children drop out of school. I am a professional educator who served as a classroom teacher, school counselor and school administrator in the New York City school system for over 33 years. I believe that there are five major reasons why children leave school: 1. The students themselves They make wrong decisions. They get involved with gangs, drugs/alcohol, get pregnant and commit crimes. Many have a poor school attitude and are frequently bored by school. They are disconnected to their families, school and life. They do not see the reasons they need to go to school. They are not involved in school activities and lack self-esteem. Some have been promoted lacking skills needed for promotion. Some have undergone major illnesses and have missed too many days of school and have been informed that they will be held back. Because of many of the conditions listed above, they have been suspended and have fallen behind in their work and see little purpose of returning to school. 2. The family they come from There is often a clash between the family values and those of the school. Frequently, their parents have dropped out of school themselves. The students come from families from low socio-economic backgrounds, where there are many other children. Older children often have to go to work in order to supply the family with much-needed funds for basic family needs or need to stay home to take care of younger siblings so that their parents can work. Many children come from non-English speaking homes with high mobility. Single parent homes have become the norm in the United States. Many children are products of divorce, separation or, sometimes, family violence. hey are not being raised by parents, but rather by aunts, uncles and grandparents. Families are not meeting some childrens basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. 3. The community they come from Many children live on the wrong side of the tracks in places where education is not valued, where drugs, gangs and violence abound. And where schools are low-performing, they often lack community and health support. 4. The schools they attend The schools are toxic to student learning, students, parents and staff. Students are suspended for minor infractions (such as talking back to the teacher), or placed in remedial classes. The schools have a culture of low expectations. They lack adequate guidance counseling. The curriculum is not relevant to the needs of the students being taught. Passive instructional strategies are being used without regard to individual student learning styles. Teachers are not trained in the latest teaching/learning/technology techniques. Funding is based on property values so that low-income neighborhoods receive less funding than wealthy neighborhoods. Because some states pass budgets in a less than timely matter, teachers are not hired in time producing over-sized classrooms. 5. The teachers they have The least-experienced, least classroom-trained teachers are often assigned to the most difficult schools. They enter the field with the expectation that they have been adequately prepared by the schools of education with the skills they need and they havent received. (See Arthur Levine, Educating School Teachers) They are leaving the field faster than colleges can prepare them. The teacher dropout rate is higher than the student dropout rate. Forty-six percent of teachers leave the field within five years. When asked why they leave, a majority state that they havent been properly prepared, have had increased demands placed on them because of high stakes testing and are not getting adequate support from their supervisors in dealing with classroom discipline. Like all generalities, there are exceptions to the information provided above. But, by and large, the statistics bear them out.